Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Peptide Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Renal Function in Patient with Cardiometabolic Syndrome
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardiometabolic syndrome is a risk factor for the development of diseases related to cardiovascular disease and decreased renal function. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GLPP) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The current study was conducted to investigate the role of GLPP in inflammatory, oxidative stress and renal function markers of cardiometabolic subjects.
METHODS: A randomized double-blinded perspective control trial with pre-post design was conducted. Cardiometabolic syndrome subjects were treated with placebo or GLPP for 60 days. Blood serum was collected from each subject before the first capsule consumption and one day after the last capsule consumption. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high-sensitivity-C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was measured using colorimetric assay. Serum urea and creatinine levels were measured using a clinical analyzer. The Cockroft-Gault formula was used to calculate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the MDA level was significantly reduced, while the SOD level was significantly increased in the GLPP treatment group. Furthermore, serum urea and creatinine were lowered, while eGFR was increased in the GLPP treatment group.
CONCLUSION: Treatment of GLPP for 60 days could be beneficial for lowering oxidative stress and improving renal function of patients with cardiometabolic syndrome.
KEYWORDS: Ganoderma lucidum, cardiometabolic syndrome, inflammation, oxidative stress, renal function
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Zhang X, Lerman LO. The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. Transl Res. 2017; 183: 14-25, CrossRef.
Elabbassi WN, Haddad HA. The epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2005; 26(3): 373-5, PMID.
Ridwan, Febriza A, Linggi EB, Natzir R, Tazlim NA. Correlation between blood pressure and obesity parameter against cystatin-C and adiponectin levels in serum of obese adolescent. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2020; 4(3): 105-12, CrossRef.
Xie K, Bao L, Jiang X, Ye Z, Bing J, Dong Y, et al. The association of metabolic syndrome components and chronic kidney disease in patients with hypertension. Lipids Health Dis. 2019; 18(1): 229, CrossRef.
Ortega LM, Fornoni A. Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic kidney disease, glomerulonephritis, and end-stage kidney disease. Int J Interferon Cytokine Mediat Res. 2010; 2: 49–62, CrossRef.
Ketherin, Sandra F. Osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis: Signaling pathway, synthetic and natural inhibitors. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2018; 2(1): 11-8, CrossRef.
Lukito AA, Bakri S, Kabo P, Wijaya A. The mechanism of coronary artery calcification in centrally obese non-diabetic men: Study on the interaction of leptin, free leptin index, adiponectin, hs-C reactive protein, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and matrix Gla protein. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2020; 4(2): 88-93, CrossRef.
Goligorsky MS. Pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: A retrospective and what the future may hold. Kidney Res Clin Pract. 2015; 34(2): 76-82, CrossRef.
Purwati DD, Mustika A, Hakim L, Thaha M. Correlation of serum nitric oxide and urine malondialdehyde levels in non-hemodialysis chronic kidney disease patients. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2022; 6(1): 43-9, CrossRef.
Ramadhanti R, Helda. Association of hypertension and chronic kidney disease in population aged ≥18 years old. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2021; 5(3): 137-44, CrossRef.
Jabarpour M, Rashtchizadeh N, Argani H, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Ranjbarzadhag M, Sanajou D, et al. The impact of dyslipidemia and oxidative stress on vasoactive mediators in patients with renal dysfunction. Int Urol Nephrol. 2019; 51(12): 2235-42, CrossRef.
Putri AY, Thaha M. Role of oxidative stress on chronic kidney disease progression. Acta Med Indones. 2014; 46(3): 244-52, PMID.
Gyurászová M, Gurecká R, Bábíčková J, Tóthová Ľ. Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of kidney disease: Implications for noninvasive monitoring and identification of biomarkers. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020; 2020: 5478708, CrossRef.
Delanaye P, Cavalier E, Pottel H. Serum creatinine: Not so simple! Nephron. 2017; 136(4): 302-8, CrossRef.
Rahmawaty A, Akrom, Darmawan E, Wahyuni TI, Kumalasari D, Adnan. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) and creatinine levels in patients at risk of metabolic syndrome with standard therapy combined with black cumin seed oil. In: bin Mamat M, Lien C, Vaidyanathan S, Rong H, bin Bon AT, Johar A, et al., editors. Proceedings of the 1st Paris Van Java International Seminar on Health, Economics, Social Science and Humanities (PVJ-ISHESSH 2020) 2021 Apr 15, Bandung. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press; 2021. p.631–6, CrossRef.
Liu C, Li H. Correlation of the severity of chronic kidney disease with serum inflammation, osteoporosis and vitamin D deficiency. Exp Ther Med. 2019; 17(1): 368-72, CrossRef.
Sargowo D, Ovianti N, Susilowati E, Ubaidillah N, Widya Nugraha A, Vitriyaturrida, et al. The role of polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum as a potent antioxidant against atherosclerosis in high risk and stable angina patients. Indian Heart J. 2018; 70(5): 608-14, CrossRef.
Heriansyah T, Wihastuti TA, Sargowo D, Widodo MA, Anjani PM, Suparno TD, et al. Reduction of histopathological images through a decrease in H2O2 levels in diabetic rats with polysaccharide peptides. Biomarkers Genomic Med. 2015; 7(1): 31–7, CrossRef.
Ahmad MF. Ganoderma lucidum: Persuasive biologically active constituents and their health endorsement. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 107: 507-19, CrossRef.
Yoon HM, Jang KJ, Han MS, Jeong JW, Kim GY, Lee JH, et al. Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB and toll-like receptor pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Exp Ther Med. 2013; 5(3): 957-63, CrossRef.
Seweryn E, Ziała A, Gamian A. Health-promoting of polysaccharides extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. Nutrients. 2021; 13(8): 2725, CrossRef.
Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creatinine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron. 1976; 16(1): 31-41, CrossRef.
Sargowo D, Wihastuti TA, Sukotjo CT, Anjani PM, Handayani O, Adrian LH. The effect of polysaccharides peptides Ganoderma lucidum to aortic foam cell count and lipid profile in type 2 diabetic model Rattus norvegicus strain Wistar. Indones Biomed J. 2017; 9(3): 153–9, CrossRef.
Rizal A, Sandra F, Fadlan MR, Sargowo D. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in patient with atrial fibrillation. Indones Biomed J. 2020; 12(4): 384–9, CrossRef.
Farikh A. Pemberian peptida polisakarida (Psp) suatu senyawa aktif dari Ganoderma lucidum (Β-D-Glucan) berpengaruh terhadap dislipidemia dan inflamasi pada pasien resiko tinggi penyakit jantung koroner. Care J Ilm Ilmu Kesehat. 2017; 5(1): 102–11, CrossRef.
Prasetya I, Ashriyah R, Setyawati I, Hermawan J, Mahargo W, Leksono Y, et al. Polysaccharide peptide: A promising anti inflammation and anti oxidant in atherosclerosis. J Kardiol Indones. 2015; 36(1): 22–7, CrossRef.
Shaher F, Wang S, Qiu H, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Wang W, et al. Effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum spores on alleviation of diabetic cardiomyopathy in a pilot in vivo study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2020; 13: 4809-22, CrossRef.
Li K, Zhuo C, Teng C, Yu S, Wang X, Hu Y, et al. Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on chronic pancreatitis and intestinal microbiota in mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2016; 93(Pt A): 904-12, CrossRef.
Kao PF, Wang SH, Hung WT, Liao YH, Lin CM, Yang WB. Structural characterization and antioxidative activity of low-molecular-weights beta-1,3-glucan from the residue of extracted Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2012; 2012: 673764, CrossRef.
Zhong D, Wang H, Liu M, Li X, Huang M, Zhou H, et al. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide prevents renal ischemia reperfusion injury via counteracting oxidative stress. Sci Rep. 2015; 5: 16910, CrossRef.
Hu Y, Wang SX, Wu FY, Wu KJ, Shi RP, Qin LH, et al. Effects and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Res Int. 2022; 2022: 4314415, CrossRef.
Sargowo D, Rizal A, Waranugraha Y, Rahimah AF, Kamila PA, Fadlan MR, et al. β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan of mycelia extract posses renal protection potential and reduces nitric oxide in obese subjects. Indones Biomed J. 2022; 14(2): 218–25, CrossRef.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i2.2137
Copyright (c) 2023 The Prodia Education and Research Institute
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
The Prodia Education and Research Institute