Cardamom Essential Oil Extract Suppress the Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer 4T1 Cell Line
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Cardamom (Amomum cardamom) essential oil (CEO) contains monoterpenes with antioxidant activity and is reported to exhibit anticancer activity against some cancer cell lines. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the lowest prognosis among breast cancer types due to its aggressive characteristics. This study was conducted to explore the potency of CEO in inhibiting 4T1 cell proliferation and migration and compared its activity to sappan (Caesalpinia sappan) wood extract (CSE).
METHODS: We used the 4T1 cell line as the TNBC cell model and tested the cytotoxicity of CEO by using a trypan blue exclusion assay. We studied the senescence induction ability of CEO using SA-β-Gal assay, the migratory inhibition activity using scratch wound healing assay, and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression using gelatin zymography.
RESULTS: CEO showed cytotoxicity toward 4T1 cells with the IC50 values of 60 µg/mL. CEO at ½ IC50 and IC50 concentration significantly increased cell senescence, but CSE did not. CEO at IC50 also reduced cell ability to migrate and also considerably reduced MMP-9 activity. Moreover, these activities related to the inhibition of the cell metastasis process were weaker compared than that of CSE.
CONCLUSION: CEO showed potency as a chemopreventive agent on the TNBC 4T1 cell line model with moderate cytotoxicity. CEO induced 4T1 cell senescence, inhibited cell migration and suppressed MMP-9 expression.
KEYWORDS: Amomum cardamom, Caesalpinia sappan, 4T1, senescence, cell migration, triple-negative breast cancer
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Howard FM, Olopade OI. Epidemiology of triple-negative breast cancer: A review. Cancer J. 2021; 27(1): 8-16, CrossRef.
Manjunath M, Choudhary B. Triple‑negative breast cancer: A run‑through of features, classification and current therapies. Oncol Lett. 2021; 22(1): 512, CrossRef.
Yao H, He G, Yan S, Chen C, Song L, Rosol TJ, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: is there a treatment on the horizon? Oncotarget. 2016; 8(1): 1913-24, CrossRef.
Purwanto I, Heiyanto DS, Ghozali A, Widodo I, Dwiprahasto I, Aryandono T, et al. Basal-like subgroup is associated with younger age, increased expression of androgen receptor, and worse prognosis, while non-basal-like subtype is associated with higher BMI in triple-negative breast cancer patients. Indones Biomed J. 2020; 12(4): 349-54, CrossRef.
Widodo I, Dwianingsih EK, Aryandono T, Soeripto S. Clinicopathological characteristic and prognostic significance of Indonesian triple negative breast cancer. Indones Biomed J. 2019; 11(3): 286-92, CrossRef.
Medina MA, Oza G, Sharma A, Arriaga LG, Hernández JMH, Rotello VM, et al. Triple-negative breast cancer: A review of conventional and advanced therapeutic strategies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(6): 2078, CrossRef.
Pal SK, Childs BH, Pegram M. Triple negative breast cancer: unmet medical needs. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011; 125(3): 627-36, CrossRef.
Rahmawati F. Kajian potensi “wedang uwuh” sebagai minuman funsional. Pros Pendidik Tek Boga Busana. 2011; 6(1): 1-14, article.
Widyaningsih TD, Siska AI, Fanani R, Martati E. Traditional drink of black cincau (Mesona palustris BL)-based wedang uwuh as immunomodulator on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Food Sci. 2020; 50(6): 1123-33, CrossRef.
Widyaningsih TD, Nugroho MFA, Ulilalbab A. Optimasi formula wedang uwuh berbasis rosella merah sebagai minuman fungsional. Amerta Nutr. 2022; 6(1): 53-62, CrossRef.
Badroon NA, Abdul Majid N, Alshawsh MA. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of cardamonin against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6): 1757, CrossRef.
Tambunan LR. Isolasi dan identifikasi minyak atsiri dari biji tanaman kapulaga (Amomum caedamomum Willd). J Kim Ris. 2017; 2(1): 57-60, CrossRef.
Murata S, Shiragami R, Kosugi C, Tezuka T, Yamazaki M, Hirano A, et al. Antitumor effect of 1, 8-cineole against colon cancer. Oncol Rep. 2013; 30(6): 2647-52, CrossRef.
Porres-Martínez M, González-Burgos E, Carretero ME, Gómez-Serranillos MP. In vitro neuroprotective potential of the monoterpenes α-pinene and 1,8-cineole against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. Z Naturforschung C J Biosci. 2016; 71(7-8): 191-9, CrossRef.
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Hallmarks of cancer: The next generation. Cell. 2011; 144(5): 646-74, CrossRef.
Hanahan D. Hallmarks of cancer: New dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022; 12(1): 31-46, CrossRef.
Hanif N, Hermawan A, Meiyanto E. Caesalpinia sappan L. ethanolic extract decrease intracellular ROS level and senescence of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Indones J Cancer Chemoprevention. 2019; 10(1): 16-23, CrossRef.
Zulfin UM, Rahman A, Hanifa M, Utomo RY, Haryanti S, Meiyanto E. Reactive oxygen species and senescence modulatory effects of rice bran extract on 4T1 and NIH-3T3 cells co-treatment with doxorubicin. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2021; 11(4): 174, CrossRef.
Haryanti S, Zulfin UM, Salsabila IA, Wulandari F, Meiyanto E. The cytotoxic and anti-migratory properties of Caesalpinia sappan and Ficus septica, in combination with Doxorubicin on 4T1 TNBC cells with nephroprotective potential. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2022; 23(2): 743-52, CrossRef.
Handayani S, Susidarti RA, Lotulung PDN, Darmawan A, Meiyanto E, Jenie RI. Antimigratory activity of Brazilin-containing fraction from Caesalpinia sappan L. on MDAMB-231 cells. Hayati J Biosci. 2020; 27(4): 266-72, CrossRef.
Handayani S, Susidarti RA, Udin Z, Meiyanto E, Jenie RI. Brazilein in combination with cisplatin inhibit proliferation and migration on highly metastatic cancer cells, 4T1. Indones J Biotechnol. 2016; 21(1): 38-47, CrossRef.
Yang Y, Yue Y, Runwei Y, Guolin Z. Cytotoxic, apoptotic and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Amomum tsao-ko. Bioresour Technol. 2010; 101(11): 4205-11, CrossRef.
Hanif N, Dina A, Esti YF, Taufik MA. Pengaruh ekstrak kayu secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) terhadap enzim glutation S-transferase (Gst) pada sel kanker 4T1. J Tumbuh Obat Indones. 2017; 10(2): 55-62, CrossRef.
Sampath S, Veeramani V, Krishnakumar GS, Sivalingam U, Madurai SL, Chellan R. Evaluation of in vitro anticancer activity of 1,8-Cineole-containing n-hexane extract of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels plant and its apoptotic potential. Biomed Pharmacother Biomedecine Pharmacother. 2017; 93: 296-307, CrossRef.
Salehi B, Upadhyay S, Erdogan Orhan I, Kumar Jugran A, L. D. Jayaweera S, A. Dias D, et al. Therapeutic potential of α- and β-pinene: A miracle gift of nature. Biomolecules. 2019; 9(11): 738, CrossRef.
Rolim TL, Meireles DRP, Batista TM, de Sousa TKG, Mangueira VM, de Abrantes RA, et al. Toxicity and antitumor potential of Mesosphaerum sidifolium (Lamiaceae) oil and fenchone, its major component. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2017; 17(1): 347, CrossRef.
Wyld L, Bellantuono I, Tchkonia T, Morgan J, Turner O, Foss F, et al. Senescence and cancer: A review of clinical implications of senescence and senotherapies. Cancers. 2020; 12(8): 2134, CrossRef.
Wulandari F, Ikawati M, Kirihata M, Kato JY, Meiyanto E. Curcumin analogs, PGV-1 and CCA-1.1 exhibit anti-migratory effects and suppress MMP9 expression on WiDr cells. Indones Biomed J. 2021; 13(3): 271-80, CrossRef.
Endah E, Wulandari F, Putri YM, Jenie RI, Meiyanto E. Piperine increases pentagamavunone-1 anti-cancer activity on 4T1 breast cancer through mitotic catastrophe mechanism and senescence with sharing targeting on mitotic regulatory proteins. Iran J Pharm Res. 2022; 21(1): e123820, CrossRef.
Larasati YA, Yoneda-Kato N, Nakamae I, Yokoyama T, Meiyanto E, Kato JY. Curcumin targets multiple enzymes involved in the ROS metabolic pathway to suppress tumor cell growth. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 2039, CrossRef.
Jenie R, Handayani S, Susidarti RA, Meiyanto E. The effect of brazilin from Caesalpinia sappan on cell cycle and modulation and cell senescence in T47D cells. Indones J Pharm. 2020; 31(2): 84-91, CrossRef.
Majidpoor J, Mortezaee K. Steps in metastasis: an updated review. Med Oncol Northwood Lond Engl. 2021; 38(1): 3, CrossRef.
Haryanti S, Murwanti R, Putri H, Ilmawati GPN, Pramono S, Meiyanto E. Different 4T1 cells migration under Caesalpinia sappan L. and Ficus septica Burm.f ethanolic extracts. Indones J Cancer Chemoprevention. 2017; 8(1): 21-6, CrossRef.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i2.2140
Copyright (c) 2023 The Prodia Education and Research Institute
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
The Prodia Education and Research Institute