Hydrolyzed VCO Cream Reduces Neutrophil Number and Increases Angiogenesis in Mid Dermal Burn Wound Healing
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Researches on plant active substances are conducted to find effective topical drugs for mid dermal burns wound. The 70% hydrolyzed VCO (hVCO) cream has been known to accelerate macroscopic healing of mid dermal burns compared to 30% and 50% hVCO creams. This study was conducted to further investigate the effectiveness of 70% hVCO cream and find the most effective doses of hVCO to heal mid dermal burns based on the macroscopic diameter, neutrophil number and angiogenesis.
METHODS: Thirty mid dermal burns-induced male Rattus norvegicus were randomly divided into 6 groups that were either treated with 70% hVCO cream, 100% hVCO cream, or basic cream for 6 or 12 days. Macroscopic appearance of mid dermal burn was documented, and the diameter was calculated. Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) examination was conducted to measure the neutrophil and angiogenesis in mid dermal burn wound.
RESULTS: The decrease of wound macroscopic size was found to be significant after 6 and 12 days of treatment (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively), with the smallest diameter was found in 70% hVCO group. The lowest number of neutrophils was found in the 70% hVCO group at day-6 (p=0.039) and day-12 (p=0.013). There was a significant increase of angiogenesis at day-12 (p=0.025) with the highest value obtained in the 70% hVCO group.
CONCLUSION: The 70% hVCO decreases the wound macroscopic size, decreases neutrophil number, and increases angiogenesis compared to the 100% hVCO. Hence, 70% hVCO isshown to be the most effective dose in accelerating mid dermal burns wound healing andcan be explored further as topical medication.
KEYWORDS: hVCO, neutrophil, angiogenesis, wound healing
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Peden M, Oyegbite K, Ozanne-Smith J, Hyder AA, Branche C, Rahman AKMF, et al. World Report on Child Injury Prevention. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008, NLMID.
Kolegium Ilmu Bedah Indonesia [Internet]. Emergency Management of Severe Burns (EMSB) [update 2016 Jan 4; cited 2022 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.kibi.or.id/.
Rowan MP, Cancio LC, Elster EA, Burmeister DM, Rose LF, Natesan S, et al. Burn wound healing and treatment: review and advancements. Crit Care. 2015; 19: 243, CrossRef.
Meiliana A, Dewi NM, Wijaya A. Heterogeneous stem cells in skin homeostatis and wound repair. Indones Biomed J. 2015: 7(2): 87-100, CrossRef.
Dini T, Nugraha Y, Revina R, Karina K. Safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in burn therapy: systematic review. Mol Cell Biomed Sci. 2022; 6(3): 104-16, CrossRef.
Velnar T, Bailey T, Smrkolj V. The wound healing process: an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms. J Int Med Res. 2009; 37(5): 1528-42, CrossRef.
Lin TK, Zhong L, Santiago JL. Anti-inflammatory and skin barrier repair effects of topical application of some plant oils. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19(1): 70, CrossRef.
Nevin KG, Rajamohan T. Effect of topical application of virgin coconut oil on skin components and antioxidant status during dermal wound healing in young rats. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010; 23(6): 290-7, CrossRef.
Nguyen VT, Le TD, Phan HN, Tran LB. Antibacterial activity of free fatty acids from hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil using lipase from candida rugosa. J Lipids. 2017; 2017: 7170162, CrossRef.
Yade P, Silalahi J, Putra ED. Antibacterial activity of hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil. Asian J Pharm and Clin Res. 2014; 7(Suppl 2): 90-4, article.
Silalahi J, Surbakti C. Burn wound healing activity of hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil. Int J Pharm Tech Res. 2015; 8(1): 67-73, article.
Cai EZ, Ang CH, Raju A, Tan KB, Hing ECH, Loo Y, et al. Creation of consistent burn wounds: a rat model. Arch Plast Surg. 2014; 41(4): 317-24, CrossRef.
Nielson CB, Duethman NC, Howard JM, Moncure M, Wood JG. Burns: pathophysiology of systemic complications and current management. J Burn Care Res. 2017; 38(1): e469-81, CrossRef.
Shupp JW, Nasabzadeh TJ, Rosenthal DS, Jordan MH, Fidler P, Jeng JC. A review of the local pathophysiologic bases of burn wound progression. J Burn Care Res. 2010; 31(6): 849-73, CrossRef.
Ibrahim AH, Li H, Al-Rawi SS, Majid ASA, Al-Habib OA, Xia X, et al. Angiogenic and wound healing potency of fermented virgin coconut oil: in vitro and in vivo studies. Am J Transl Res. 2017; 9(11): 4936-44, PMID.
Soliman AM, Lin TS, Ghafar NA, Das S. Virgin coconut oil and diabetic wound healing: histopathological and biochemical analysis. Eur J Anat. 2018; 22(2): 135-44, article.
Oliveira SD, Rosowski EE, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophil migration in infection and wound repair: going forward in reverse. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016; 16(6): 378-91, CrossRef.
Wang J. Neutrophils in tissue injury and repair. Cell Tissue Res. 2018; 371(3): 531-9, PMID.
Muhammad K, Prasetyo A, Prajoko YW, Najatullah N, Susilaningsih N. Effectiveness of nanosilver collagen cream for healing deep dermal burns in Sprague Dawley rats: an overview of neutrophil counts and angiogenesis. Bali Med J. 2021; 10(2): 648-52, CrossRef.
Nguyen VT, Pham T, Duy T, Phan H, Tran LB. Antibacterial activity of hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil by immobilized lipase. J Sci Technol. 2016; 54(4A): 227-33, CrossRef.
Nitbania FO, Jumina, Siswantaa D, Solikhahb EN. Isolation and antibacterial activity test of lauric acid from crude coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.). Procedia Chem. 2016; 18: 132-40, CrossRef.
Varma S, Sivaprakasam T, Arumugam I, Dilip N, Raghuraman M, Pavan KB, et al. In vitro anti-inflammatory and skin protective properties of Virgin coconut oil. J Tradit Complement Med. 2019; 9(1): 5-14, CrossRef.
Thiruvoth FM, Mohapatra DP, Sivakumar D, Chittoria SR, Nandhagopal V. Current concepts in the physiology of adult wound healing. Plast Aesthet Res. 2015; 2(5): 250-6, CrossRef.
Christina B, Wilma B, Donald B, Curtis K, James MJ, Ronald S, et al. Final report on the safety assessment of Cocos nucifera (Coconut) oil and related ingredients. Int J Toxicol. 2011; 30(Suppl 3): 5S-16S, CrossRef.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v15i3.2228
Copyright (c) 2023 The Prodia Education and Research Institute
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Indexed by:
The Prodia Education and Research Institute
